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  • **hydroxychloroquine: Myths Vs. Facts Explored**

    Unveiling Hydroxychloroquine: Historical Background and Uses


    Hydroxychloroquine, a derivative of chloroquine, has a rich historical narrative. Initially developed as an antimalarial drug in the 1940s, it revolutionized the treatment of malaria, particularly during World War II. Over the decades, its use expanded, with healthcare providers leveraging its anti-inflammatory properties to treat autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.

    The drug works by modulating the immune system, which explains its efficacy in conditions characterized by excessive immune response. By dampening this response, hydroxychloroquine provides relief to patients suffering from debilitating symptoms, allowing them to regain a better quality of life.

    Despite its established uses, interest in hydroxychloroquine surged during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many turned to it with hope, seeking an elusive cure. This attention prompted extensive research, exploring its potential role not just as a treatment but also in prevention.

    As we sift through the details of hydroxychloroquine's historical significance, we uncover its profound impact on both individual therapy and public health landscapes. Understanding its journey empowers patients and healthcare professionals alike, fostering informed conversations about its current relevance.

    Year Event
    1940s Hydroxychloroquine developed as an antimalarial drug.
    1950s Used for treating rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
    2020 Gained attention as a potential treatment for COVID-19.



    Common Myths Surrounding Hydroxychloroquine and Its Effects



    Hydroxychloroquine has been shrouded in misconceptions, often portrayed as a miracle cure for various ailments. One prevalent myth suggests that it is universally effective against all viral infections, including COVID-19. However, studies have continuously shown mixed results, dispelling the notion that it’s a one-size-fits-all treatment.

    Another common belief is that hydroxychloroquine is entirely safe for everyone. While it has been used for decades to treat malaria and autoimmune conditions, it isn’t free from risks. Some side effects can be severe, particularly for individuals with pre-existing health issues.

    Many also assume that taking hydroxychloroquine can prevent infection, leading to dangerous self-medication practices. This aligns with the widespread misunderstanding that more medication equates to better protection. In reality, such misuse can have dire consequences, underscoring the need for medical guidance.

    Finally, the myth that once prescribed, hydroxychloroquine should be taken indefinitely has led to unnecessary health complications. Duration and dosage should always be guided by a healthcare professional versed in each patient’s unique medical history, emphasizing the importance of informed treatment decisions.



    The Scientific Evidence: What Research Tells Us


    Research on hydroxychloroquine has evolved significantly over the decades, revealing both its therapeutic benefits and limitations. Initially hailed for its effectiveness in treating malaria and autoimmune diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, this medication became a focal point during the COVID-19 pandemic. Various studies emerged, creating a polarized discourse on its efficacy against the virus, leading to extensive trials and heated debates within the medical community.

    The outcomes of these investigations have often been contradictory. Some early reports suggested potential benefits in reducing viral loads, while more comprehensive randomized trials later indicated little to no impact on patient outcomes. This juxtaposition of findings highlights the necessity for robust scientific inquiry, ensuring that healthcare decisions are grounded in reliable evidence.

    Ultimately, ongoing research continues to clarify hydroxychloroquine's role within the broader context of treatment options. Understanding the nuances of these studies is essential for both healthcare providers and patients alike, as they navigate the complexities of this drug's effectiveness and safety in various clinical scenarios.



    Hydroxychloroquine in Covid-19: Facts Vs. Fiction



    As the pandemic unfolded, hydroxychloroquine emerged as a controversial topic, leading to fervent debates among the public and healthcare professionals alike. Initially hailed for its potential effectiveness against COVID-19, the drug gained a foothold in popular discourse, often confused with miraculous claims. However, many of these assertions were based on anecdotal evidence or unverified testimonies, leading to a rift between scientific inquiry and public perception.

    Numerous studies have sought to clarify hydroxychloroquine's role in treating COVID-19, consistently showing it lacked significant efficacy in preventing or curing the virus. Regulatory bodies, including the World Health Organization and the U.S. FDA, have since cautioned against its use outside specific clinical settings. This disparity between hope and reality has highlighted the importance of evidence-based medicine in our understanding of treatment options during a global health crisis.



    Potential Risks and Side Effects: What You Should Know


    Hydroxychloroquine, initially developed as an antimalarial drug, carries a variety of potential risks and side effects that warrant careful consideration. While many patients tolerate it well, some may experience gastrointestinal disturbances, headaches, or skin reactions. More concerning are rare but serious effects, including heart rhythm abnormalities and potential damage to the retina with prolonged use. These risks highlight the importance of individualized treatment plans and close monitoring by healthcare professionals.

    | Side Effect | Likelihood | |------------------------------|-----------------| | Gastrointestinal Issues | Common | | Headaches | Common | | Skin Reactions | Occasional | | Heart Rhythm Abnormalities | Rare | | Retinal Damage | Rare, with long-term use |



    Expert Opinions: What Healthcare Professionals Recommend


    Healthcare professionals offer valuable insights when it comes to the use of hydroxychloroquine. Many agree that, while the drug has a long history of treating conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, its use in other contexts should be approached with caution. During the COVID-19 pandemic, experts highlighted the need for robust clinical trials to dispel misinformation and establish clear guidelines.

    In discussions about hydroxychloroquine's effectiveness against COVID-19, specialists emphasize the importance of relying on peer-reviewed research. They urge practitioners and patients alike to remain skeptical of anecdotal evidence and social media claims. The consensus is clear: rigorous scientific evaluation is paramount.

    Healthcare providers often encourage discussing medication options with a licensed professional. They stress that personalized treatment plans are essential, as each patient’s health status and conditions vary significantly. Recommendations often include considering alternative therapies that might be more supported by current evidence.

    Finally, healthcare professionals advocate for ongoing education about hydroxychloroquine. They recognize the drug's historical significance, yet underscore the necessity for patients to stay informed about evolving research findings. Empowering individuals with accurate information enables them to make informed decisions regarding their health.





ARIZONA PSYCHIATRIC SOCIETY 2024-2025 EXECUTIVE Board

President: Nicholas Ahrendt, MD President-Elect: Margaret Balfour, MD, PhDVice President: Brenner Freeman, MDTreasurer: Robert Rymowicz, DOSecretary: Chiranjir "Ravi" Narine, MD Co Resident-Fellow Member Representatives: Nehal Samra, MD Creighton Matthew Mitchell, MD UA-PhoenixGagan Singh, MD UA-Tucson
APA Assembly Representatives: Jason Curry, DO (serves term concluding 2024) Jasleen Chhatwal, MBBS, MD (two-year term concluding 2024)Payam Sadr, MD (one-year term concluding 2024) Past President Gagandeep Singh, MD, DFAPA Stephen "Larry" Mecham, DO The Society thanks these members for their leadership.

Celebrating our members

Chase was born and raised in Phoenix, AZ, and attended ASU for a bachelor’s degree in business then attended KCUMB for medical school in Kansas City. He was excited to return home to AZ when he found out he'd been matched with UACOM – Phoenix for his psychiatry residency.
He was first drawn to the field of psychiatry during his years in medical school as he found the psychiatric subject matter and the patients to be the most engaging and interesting of all his studies. He quickly came to realize that without a healthy mind, one is unable to thoroughly experience life constructive way. He wanted to be the person to help those struggling with mental illness as he found these cases and experiences to be the most rewarding in medicine.
Dr. Crookham said he has been lucky enough to have been matched at a great psychiatric residency program where he gets to learn from great mentors and colleagues every day. He believes his passion for psychiatry along with the relationships he's developed with his colleagues and mentors will carry him to be a lifelong learner and devoted psychiatrist for his future patients.
Meghan is a graduate of Lincoln Memorial University, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine.
She received her Bachelor of Arts from the University of Denver in French and Biology with a concentration in Cognitive Neuroscience.
She is currently a chief resident at UACOM-Tucson in her final year of psychiatry training and will be starting a fellowship in Addiction Medicine at the University of Arizona, Tucson in July.
Her professional interests include physician mental health, adult consult liaison and addiction psychiatry.
In her personal time, she enjoys home design projects, spending time with family, learning about plants, and exploring new places.
Dr. Hintze is currently honeymooning in Japan! Congratulations!!
Danny is originally from Phoenix. Graduated from Brophy, ASU, and UA Tucson Medical School. His background is in economics, philosophy of science, and rational decision-making.
He was drawn to psychiatry because of the conceptual complexity and the profound impact even relatively simple pharmaceutical, medical, and psychotherapeutic interventions can have to empower patients and their families.
As a mentor, he wanted to recognize the many people within the Arizona Medical Community, particularly at UA Tucson, Valleywise, and within organized medicine who have worked to protect and promote medicine as a joyful, compassionate, and healing experience for patients and for all of us who help care for them.

ARIZONA PSYCHIATRIC SOCIETY past presidents

Otto L. Bendheim, M.D. 1960-1961Warren S. Williams, M.D. 1961-1963T. Richard Gregory, M.D. 1963-1964Boris Zemsky, M.D. 1964-1965 Hal J. Breen, M.D. 1965-1966Joseph M. Green, M.D. 1966-1967Irene M. Josselyn, M.D. 1967-1968Hubert R. Estes, M.D. 1968-1969Richard H. Bruner, M.D. 1969-1970Thomas F. Kruchek, M.D. 1970-1971David S. Burgoyne Sr., M.D. 1971-1972Marshall W. Jones, M.D. 1972-1973Harold D. Haeussler, M.D. 1973-1974William B. Haeussler, M.D. 1974-1975Edward S. Gelardin, M.D. 1975-1976Hugo L. Cozzi, M.D. 1976-1977Robert F. Meyer, M.D. 1977-1978James E. Campbell, M.D. 1978-1979Stuart M. Gould, M.D. 1979-1980Elliot M. Heiman, M.D. 1980-1981Stephen V. Shanfield, M.D. 1981-1982Jerry A. Biggs, M.D. 1982-1983Robert C. Shapiro, M.D. 1983-1984Dennis C. Westin, M.D. 1984-1985John H. Jarvis, M.D. 1985-1986James G. Hill, M.D. 1986-1987Robert P. Bevan, M.D. 1987-1988Eugene J. Kinder, M.D. 1988-1989 James M. Campbell, M.D. 1989-1990David S. Burgoyne II, M.D. 1990-1991
Stuart W. Hollingsworth, M.D. 1991-1992Kevin J. Leehey, M.D. 1992-1993Stephen S. Brockway, M.D. 1993-1994Michael H. Stumpf, M.D. 1994-1995Lauro Amezcua-Patino, M.D. 1995-1996David S. Burgoyne II, M.D. 1997-1998Glenn Lippman, M.D. 1998-1999Lisa Jones, M.D. 1999-2000David J. Coons, M.D. 2000-2001James M. Campbell, M.D. 2001-2002Bradley Johnson, M.D. 2002-2003David W. Leicken, M.D. 2003-2004Thomas N. Crumbley, M.D. 2004-2006Jeffrey L. Schwimmer, M.D., M.P.H. 2006-2007Stephen O. Morris, M.D. 2007-2008Jack L. Potts, M.D. 2008-2009Elizabeth A. Kohlhepp, M.D. 2009-2010Michael E. Brennan, M.D. 2010-2011Gretchen Alexander, M.D. 2011-2012Tariq M. Ghafoor, M.D. 2012-2013Joanna K. Kowalik, M.D., M.P.H., 2013-2014Payam M. Sadr, M.D., 2014-2015Roland Segal, M.D., 2015-2016Gurjot Marwah, M.D., 2016-2017Aaron Wilson, M.D., 2017-2018Mona Amini, M.D., 2018-2019 Don J. Fowls, M.D., 2019-2020 Jasleen Chhatwal, M.B.B.S., M.D., 2020-2022 Stephen Larry Mecham, DO, 2022-2023 Gagandeep Singh, MD, DFAPA 2023-2024
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